The present paradigm associates the dawn of modern applied mathematics with the first decades of the 19th century. In an investigation of these historical premises, we search for themes investigated today through methods pertaining to applied mathematics in the works of a medieval scholar whose singular vision helped him reach several conclusions that were definitely ahead of his time. Nicole Oresme’s work, Tractatus de configurationibus qualitatum et motuum, written approximately between 1351 and 1355, showcases early mathematical applications that would now be classified as works in applied mathematics.